Wood-turning lathe



va. W. WILDER; Wood Turning Lathe. No. 242,242. Patented May 31,1881.

flTTE5T= NEW R;-

LD. LULMM I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES WV. VVILDER, OF FITOHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS.

WOOD-TURNING LATHE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 242,242, dated May 31, 1881.

Application filed January 8, 1880.

To all whom it may concern? Be it known that I, OnARLns W. WILDER, of Fitchburg, in the county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood-Turning Lathes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of lathes for rapidly forming various small wooden articles of regular shapessuch as spools, pillboxes, handles, &c.the beds of which are equipped with a fixed head-stock, a sliding tail-stock, and a central sliding tool-holding carriage, the head-stock having a chuck to hold and revolve a long stick of wood, from which a number of articles may be successively turned, while the central carriage is fitted with a guiding-socket to receive the roughed-out end of the stick, with roughing-out tool on the front side thereof, and shaping and cutting-oft tools on the tail side thereof, which latter are actuated by a knee-lever, while the tail-stock carries a boring-tool for simultaneously boring the work.

My present invention is more especially an improvement on the patent of AD. Waymoth, of August 11, 1857, No. 18,001, and is embodied mainly in the tool-carriage, and relates to the adjustable mounting of the roughingtool, the manner of mounting the cutting-oft tool, the construction of the knee-lever and its operative connection with both the shaping and cutting-off tools, the construction of the m1- derlying guide-gibs of the sliding stocks or carriage, the arrangement of the spring which causes the tools to retire, and in other features, as hereinafter fully set forth.

Figure 2 of the annexed drawings presents a plan view of my improved lathe, and-Fig. 1

a front elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse view of the tool-carriage from the rear wall, and Fig. 4 a view of the samefrom the front side. Fig. 5 is a front-end elevation of the tail-stock. Fig. 6 is a sectional detail, showing the mode of adjusting one of the toolholders.

As illustrated, A indicates the bed of the lathe, fitted at one end with the usual fixed head-stock, B, and at the opposite end with the sliding tail-stock 0, while between the two the sliding tool-carriage D is arranged. The

spindle of the head-stock is terminated with the usual chuck, d, to hold and revolve the wooden stick, and which, preferably, has a conical mouth, in which a screw-thread is formed to engage the end of the stick. The spindle of the tail-stock is adapted to hold a boringtool, as shown, for work requiring it, and the tail-stock is also provided with a tool-post, e, for holding a tool to act on the end of the stick, for forming a tenon or other terminal thereon when required. Adjustable stop-screws f g project respectively from the face of the head and tail stocks, to limit the movement of the tool-carriage and tail-stocks.

All of the parts above referred to are about of the usual construction, and the lathe is operated and the work performed thereon in the usual manner, which, hence, requires no further descriptioim The bed of the lathe, however, is formed with the approved /\-ways, on which the tool-carriage and tail-stock slide, instead of the old rabbet form of way, which improved ways secure a more accurate aligmnent of centers and prevent undue play or wear.

It will be also observed that the rack and pinion for moving the tail-stock formerly employed is dispensed with and a hand-lever substituted, which is simpler and quicker in its action.

Now the main novel features of my invention are embodied in the tool-carriage D, as will be now described. From the base of this carriage, and about midway thereof, the usual upright web, h,rises. This upright has a central opening to receive rings 1', which have a flaring month, which the stick first enters, and a central bore, of size corresponding to the rough diameter of the work, to form a guide and socket for the same to turn in, as usual.

The roughing-out tool it, which cuts off the corners from the stick and reduces it to a size to enter the socket of the ring 6, is mounted on the front side of the upright, and projects obliquely into a radial gap in the socket-ring 5, while the shaping and cutting-off tools Z on are arranged in appropriate holders on the opposite side of the upright, and are brought into action by the knee-lever n, projecting from the carriage below the bed of the lathe,in the usual manner. According to my present invention,

however the roughing-tool k is clamped in an adjustable holder, 0, supported on a lug, 12, projectin g from the front face of the web h. This lug has A-guides,which match with similar grooves on the under side of the holder 0, and thus insure a parallel movement, while the holder has a downwardly-projecting neck, which is guided in a square slot or cleft in the lug p, and this neck is terminated with a T-head or crossflanges, which together effectually guide and steady the adjusting movement of the holder to or from the face of the upright. A tightfitting set-screw, r, screwed through the neck of the holder, passing into thelug, and having .its end riveted to prevent its coming out, as

shown in Fig. 6, enables the holder to be set with great nicety and positiveness, thus causing the roughing-cutter to be set closer to or farther from the guide-socket ring 6, so as to give the knife more or less out, which is an important advantage over the holder previously used.

The holder at for the shaping-tool and the holder 1) for the severin g-tool are both mounted in or over an opening in the base of the carriage, between themain upright hand ashorter upright, c, on the rear of the carriage, and the actuated portions ofthe holders depend through this opening, between the ways of the lathe, and connect with the knee-lever n. According to my invention each of these holders is pivoted independently and connected independently to the knee-lever.

The severing-tool holder I), as shown, is a lever-bar disposed horizontally, and pivoted on its front end on the pin or stud t, its outer end beingslotted to receive the severing-cutter, which is held in the socketed head ofa screwstud adjustable in said slotted end. The pi 'ot end of the holder is formed, as shown, with a cleft eye, which is clasped on the pivot-stud t by a clamping-screw, w, by which it may be fixed firmly thereon or set farther forward or backward, so as to bring the point of the cutter closer to or farther from the face of the upright It, as will be understood. The pivot-stud t is pointed at one end and countersunk at the other, the pointed end pivoting in a countersunk hole in the face of the upright It, while the countersunk end pivots on the point of a tight stud, c, screwed through the other upright, 0. By this construction and arrangement of the holder 11 it will be observed that the severing-cutter will rise against the work in the most effective direction, and in being pivoted at a long leverage its motion is almost frictionless, while ample and easy adjustment, both lengthwise and transversely, are provided, which is an important advantage over the sliding holders previously employed, which move with much friction, and in which the adjustment is usually effected by bending the cutter.

The holder to for the shaping-tool is of bent lever form, being pivoted on studs u a little beyond and below the pivot of the other holder, its long arm depending vertically beneath the carriage, whileits short arm is bent slightlyforward and terminated with the usual broad head to receive the usual shaping-cutter.

The knee-lever a, which operates these toolholders, is pivoted on a lug, i], which depends from and forms part of the underlying gib, v, of the tool-carriage, which holds the carriage from. rising off the ways; and this construction This gear-wheel or pinion d carries a project ing crank-pin, 0 which is connected by a short pitman or link, 2, to the long arm of the shaping-tool holder (1., and also by a separate and longer pitman, t, with the free end of the severing-tool holder b, this latter pitman being madein two extensible parts,as shown,whereby its length may be adjusted to give the severing-tool the desired movement. The leverage and arrangement of the two tool-holders relatively to each other and to the crank-pin is such that the severing-tool holder is given a much larger motion lhan the shaping-tool holder; but the movement of the former is chiefly idle. The first movement of the crank moves the shaping-tool slowlyagainstthe work, reducing the same to finished shape, when the crank then reaches its dead-point relatively to this tool, which hence remains stationary; but this position of the crank now becomes the point of greatest action on the severing-tool, whose previous motion was idle, but now becomes quickly forced into the work, thus severing the shaped article byits terminal movement. \Vhen the lever n is released from the pressure of the knee a spiral or coiled spring, 0 on the hub of the crank-wheel to, which was coiled by the previous motion, now reacts and causes the tools to at once retire from the work and brings the several parts into their position of repose. One terminal of this spring contacts against a continuation of the crank-pin 0 which projects from the opposite side of the crank-wheel a, while the other terminal engages with the teeth of a ratcheted head, f, on the end of the axial stud on which the crankwheelturns, so that by engaging this end of the spring with one or other of the ratchetteeth its tension will be adjusted in a very simple and effective manner, which forms an additional feature of my invention.

In connection with the A-ways of the lathe and the sliding carriages or stocks I employ fixed gibs 4) o to hold the same in place, which gibs are rigidly fixed to the bases of the carriages, as seen in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, and underlie the ways, as shown, and while closely approaching the same do not bear upon or clamp the ways, sufficient looseness being allowed to avoid friction, yet permit no appreciable play. This construction of parts not only secures a true alignment of centers and reduces wear to a minimum, but allows the stocks to move back and forth freely, as is required in a lathe of this kind, yet prevents their displacementfroin the ways as well as any appreciable looseness or disarrangement of centers, and is hence a great improvement over the ways previously used on lathes of this kind.

The remaining feature of my invention consists in forming the gibs o '0 which hold the tail-stock and tool-carriage on the ways, with projecting ribs a which admit of being filed down to take up the wear that may occur between the parts, and thus forms a simple means of neutralizing this wear, as will be readily understood. It will be observed that these projections are form ed on the gibs at the points where they are clamped to the base of the slidin g carriage or stock, so that when the carriage has worn loose upon the ways the gibs may be removed and the face of the projections filed off sufficient to prevent any play between the carriage and ways when the gibs are again fastened on.

I am aware that it is not new to provide the underlying gibs of lathe-head and tail-stocks with projecting ribs, and I do not therefore claim any such construction, as the ribs heretofore employed are merely guides, and have a different function from mine, inasmuch as my ribs are to prevent the ways on which my carriages move from being clamped fast between the carriage and the gib, thus allowing the carriage to move freely at all times, while the object of the gibs in the invention disclaimed is to clamp the tail-stock to the lathe and hold it fast in any desired position-a function which would be fatal to the operation of my machine if my carriages and gibs were so constructed as to be capable of performing it.

What I claim as my invention is as follows:

1. The combination, in a lathe with a sliding tool-holdin g carriage, of substantially the character shown, of a swinging shaping-tool holder and a swinging severing-tool holder, each pivoted separately and independently ofthe other, with a wheel or equivalent device for operatin g said holders, and two distinct and independent connections, each extending from said wheel to a holder and operating the same, whereby each of said holders is alternately brought into and out of operation, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the gear-wheel to, having the wrist-pin 0 carrying the links 2 t, of the pivoted tool holders to I) and segment y, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, in a lathe with a toolholding carriage provided with shaping and severing tools, actuated by the depression of a knee-lever or similar device, of a crank actfrom one notch of the ratchet to the other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination, in alathe with tool-holders, of a eogged crank-wheel or cranked segment having its crank-pin connected with said tool-holders, together with a knee-lever formed with a segment of cogs on one arm thereof, meshing with said eogged crank, and serving by its depression to actuate the said tool-holders, substantially as herein shown and described.

G. The combination, in a lathe with sliding tool-holding stocks or carriages and guidingways, of the underlying holding-gibs c or 12 detachably fastened to the base of the carriages and bearing loosely upon the under side of the ways, and formed with projections c bearing on the under side of the carriages, to prevent the carriage from being clamped tightly to the ways, substantially as described.

7. In alathe provided with a tool-holding carriage of substantially the kind shown, the combination, with the upright of the carriage provided with a guiding-socket ring for the roughed work, of a roughing-tool projecting into said ring, and a tool-holder for the same connected to said upright, and adjustable by means of a screw longitudinally of the lathe to and from the opening in said guide-socket, to give more or less cut to the tool, substantially as described. S. In a lathe of substantially thekind shown, the tool-holder 12, arranged horizontally, pivoted at one end, and adjustable longitudinally on its pivot-stud and slotted on its free end, and provided witha tool adjustable therein, substantially as shown and described.

9. The combination, in a lathe-carriage of the kind shown, of the tool-holder I), adjustable longitudinally on its pivot-stud, as set forth, with the pivot-stud t, pointed at one end and countersunk at the other, and supported at one end in a countersunk hole and at the other on a pivot-screw, substantially as herein shown and described.

CHARLES W. WILDER. 

